Authors, reviewers, and editors should disclose relationships or interests that could reasonably influence, or appear to influence, the research or editorial decision-making process.

Authors

Authors should disclose relevant financial, professional, personal, or institutional relationships that may represent a conflict of interest.

Reviewers

Reviewers should decline assignments where a conflict could compromise the objectivity or confidentiality of the review.

Editors

Editors should avoid handling manuscripts where a personal, professional, or financial relationship could affect impartial decision-making.

Transparency

Where appropriate, disclosed conflicts and relevant statements may be included in the published article.